Ed, One I recently did which came out so badly was originally a small portion of a larger artwork. Of the larger artwork, I cropped it down to a tiny 475px square at 300dpi. I scaled it down to 225px square at 300dpi and printed it out. Result was low-grade yuckorama. I have yet to do the one-pass downsizing for regular work. I just never do it (unless I don't care about the finished work). Maybe all this time I have not needed to do that?? Maybe I will do a series of methods and document them on a contact sheet.